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Rake head
- Commodity name： Rake head
- Product Description
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The cutterhead is the suction nozzle of a self-propelled cutter suction dredger and, along with the mud pump, is considered one of the most critical pieces of dredging equipment. Mounted at the very bottom end of the cutter suction pipe, the cutterhead remains in close contact with the seabed during dredging operations. As the vessel tows the dredger forward, the cutterhead loosens and scoops up sediment from the seafloor, while the mud pump simultaneously sucks up the resulting slurry—mixture of mud and water—and discharges it either into the mud hopper or directly overboard. This process effectively achieves the goals of desilting, dredging, and engineering excavation.
There are 3 ways to loosen and aerate the sediment at the bottom of the water:
The first method is flushing. Powered by a mud pump, which creates a vacuum near the rake head's suction inlet during operation, water around the rake head rushes in at high speed through the gaps and enters the rake itself. This moving water flow then carries sediment and sand, generating an effective flushing action. This method is particularly efficient when excavating silt and loose sand.
The second method is high-pressure flushing. Utilizing the pressure provided by the onboard high-pressure flushing pump, water is delivered through pipelines directly into the cutterhead, where it’s then ejected via a row of nozzles at the bottom. This process cuts and disperses the dredged soil under the force of the high-speed water jets, keeping the sediment particles suspended. Finally, the resulting slurry is drawn into the mud pump thanks to the vacuum effect created by the cutterhead. This method proves highly effective in excavating fine sand and compacted fine sand, and it is now widely adopted by dredging companies both domestically and internationally.
The third method is mechanical cutting. The rake teeth installed at the bottom of the rake head penetrate deep into the soil as they dig and drag through the sediment, using mechanical action to break and cut the earth, loosening the mud and sand so that it mixes with water to form a slurry, which is then sucked into the mud pump.
The active rake head is an organic combination of the three methods mentioned above, further enhancing the concentration of dredged material. Consequently, most modern trailing suction hopper dredgers are now equipped with active rake heads during their new construction phase.
The rake head must withstand various forces, enabling it to loosen and lift soil; at the same time, it needs to be strong enough to resist impacts from unidentified objects within the dredging area. This places stringent demands on the reliability of equipment—such as those installed on the rake head for controlling water supply or adjusting cutting-edge depth.
The rake head typically consists of a fixed part connected to the suction pipe (sometimes referred to as the "body"), as well as one or two pivoting sections (movable housings mounted on the fixed part). The latter section is self-adjustable, allowing it to maintain full contact with the seabed. Additionally, the portion of the rake head that touches the seafloor is equipped with replaceable wear-resistant blocks.
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